FlavScents AInsights Entry for Cyperene (CAS: 2387-78-2)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Cyperene
• IUPAC Name: (3R,3aS,6aR)-3,3a,6,6a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pentalene
• CAS Number: 2387-78-2
• FEMA Number: Not available
• Other Identifiers: Not available
• Molecular Formula: C15H24
• Molecular Weight: 204.35 g/mol
• Functional Groups and Structure–Odor Relevance: Cyperene is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon characterized by its bicyclic structure, which contributes to its woody and earthy odor profile. The presence of multiple methyl groups and the bicyclic framework are crucial for its olfactory properties.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Cyperene is known for its distinctive woody, earthy, and slightly spicy aroma, reminiscent of vetiver and patchouli. It is often described as having a moderate intensity with a persistent diffusion, making it a valuable component in creating depth and complexity in fragrance compositions. The odor threshold for cyperene is not well-documented, but it is typically used as a background note to enhance the realism of woody and earthy accords.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Cyperene is naturally found in the essential oils of several plants, notably in Cyperus species such as Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Cyperus scariosus. It is biosynthesized in plants through the mevalonate pathway, a common route for sesquiterpene formation. Cyperene's presence in natural sources qualifies it for use in "natural fragrance" formulations, aligning with consumer preferences for natural ingredients.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Cyperene is not commonly used as a primary flavoring agent due to its intense woody and earthy notes, which can be overpowering. However, it can be employed in trace amounts to add complexity to certain flavor profiles, particularly in savory applications or where a natural, earthy undertone is desired. Typical use levels in food are not well-documented, but industry practices suggest concentrations below 1 ppm in finished products to avoid overwhelming the primary flavor profile. Cyperene is stable under typical processing conditions, including moderate heat and neutral pH.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In perfumery, cyperene is valued for its contribution to woody, earthy, and spicy fragrance families. It serves as a modifier and impact note, providing depth and complexity to compositions. Cyperene is typically used in concentrations ranging from trace amounts to about 0.5% in fragrance formulations. Its volatility places it in the middle to base note category, where it provides lasting character and supports the overall fragrance structure.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Cyperene does not have a specific FEMA GRAS status for flavor use. Its use in fragrances is subject to general safety and labeling regulations.
• European Union: Cyperene is not specifically listed under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 for flavoring substances. Its use in fragrances must comply with the EU Cosmetics Regulation.
• United Kingdom: Post-Brexit, the UK aligns closely with EU regulations for both flavor and fragrance applications.
• Asia: Regulatory information for cyperene in Japan, China, and ASEAN countries is limited, with general safety assessments applicable.
• Latin America: Specific regulatory data for cyperene in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries is not available, but general safety and labeling requirements apply.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

• Oral Exposure: Cyperene's safety profile for oral consumption is not well-documented, and it lacks an established ADI or MSDI. Its use in flavors should be minimal and guided by industry practices.
• Dermal Exposure: In fragrance applications, cyperene is generally considered safe, with no significant reports of irritation or sensitization. It is not specifically restricted by IFRA.
• Inhalation Exposure: As a component of fragrances, cyperene's volatility suggests potential inhalation exposure, but no specific occupational hazards have been reported.

Overall, cyperene's risk profile does not significantly differ between food and fragrance applications, provided it is used within typical industry guidelines.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Cyperene is a valuable material for its ability to impart a natural, woody, and earthy character to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other woody and spicy notes, enhancing the overall complexity of a formulation. Formulators should be cautious of its intensity, as overuse can lead to an overpowering effect. It is often under-utilized in flavor applications due to its strong profile but can be effectively employed in trace amounts for depth.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on cyperene is well-established in terms of its chemical identity and sensory profile. However, there are gaps in specific regulatory approvals and toxicological data, particularly for flavor applications. Industry practices provide guidance where explicit documentation is lacking.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-09-16 10:16:28 GMT (p2)