beta-pinene

Full Material List

7,7-dimethyl-4-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane

Identifiers

CAS (Single)	127-91-3
FEMA	2903
EINECS	204-872-5
Synonyms	(1)-6,6- dimethyl-2-methylene bicyclo(3.1.1)heptane 7,7- dimethyl-4-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane beta- nopinene beta- pinene (refined) (natural) beta- pinene 95 PF beta- pinene 95% natural beta- pinene 97% natural pinene beta pinene beta 95 PF naturel pinene beta pf beta- pinene natural beta- pinene P & F beta- pinene P and F beta- pinene synthetic terbenthene
JECFA Food Flavoring	1330
JECFA Food Additive	N/A
DG SANTE Food Flavourings	01.003 pin-2(10)-ene
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials	pin-2(10)-ene
FDA UNII	4MS8VHZ1HJ
CoE Number	2114
XlogP3-AA	N/A
Molecular Weight	136.23752
Molecular Formula	C10 H16

Properties

Food Chemicals Codex Listed	No
Appearance	colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay	97.00 to 100.00
Specific Gravity	0.86700 to 0.87100 @ 25.00 °C.
Lbs/Gal (est)	7.214 to 7.248
Refractive Index	1.47700 to 1.48100 @ 20.00 Â°C.
Melting Point	N/A
Boiling Point	163.00 to 166.00 Â°C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point	95.00 Â°F. TCC ( 35.00 Â°C. )
Acid Value	N/A
Vapor Pressure	2.930000 mmHg @ 25.00 Â°C.
Vapor Density	N/A
logP (o/w)	4.16
Soluble In	alcohol water, 7.061 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) water
Occurrence	achillea tenuifolia lam. flower oil iran @ 1.10% agathosma crenulata oil @ 0.44% ajowan seed oil turkey @ 3.31% allspice plant alpinia galanga oil @ 1.60% amomum testaceum ridl. fruit oil malaysia @ 15.90% angelica root oil @ 1.54% angelica seed oil @ 0.50% angelica seed oil CO2 extract @ 0.90% anise seed anise seed oil star china @ 0.03% anise star anise fruit apple custard apple plant armoise oil morocco @ 0.8% artemisia campestris spp. glutinosa flower oil italy @ 19.00% artemisia santolina schrenk oil iran @ 0.20% artemisia variabilis flower oil italy @ 3.60% ayou wood oil @ 0.90% baccharis coridifolia oil argentina @ 0.10% basil leaf oil basil oil basil oil CO2 sweet @ 0.14% basil oil sweet @ 0.25% basil oil sweet egypt @ 0.35% basil oil sweet poland @ 0.08% basil oil var. glabratum turkey @ 0.53% basil plant basil shoot oil bay laurel leaf bay laurel leaf oil bay leaf oil @ 0.00-0.09% bergamot mint oil @ 0.0-0.3% bergamot oil @ 10.0% bergamot oil turkey @ 3.02% blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. sanguinello) italy @ 0.034% blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. tarocco) italy @ 0.023% blood orange oil italy @ 0.034% bois de rose leaf oil brazil @ trace-0.03% bois de rose oil brazil @ trace-0.10% bombycilaena erecta oil greece @ 0.10% buchu leaf oil @ 0.29% cajuput oil @ 1.1% cajuput oil vietnam @ 0.8% calamintha nepeta (l.) savi subsp. glandulosa oil greece @ 0.60% calamus root oil mongolia @ 0.90% cananga fruit oil @ 3.4% cananga leaf oil @ 4.5% cananga odorata oil java @ 0.02% caraway caraway plant caraway seed cardamom fruit cardamom fruit oil cardamom oil CO2 extract guatemala @ 4.30% cardamom root oil cardamom seed oil cardamom seed oil @ 6.20% carqueja oil @ 8.40% carrot leaf oil @ 0.53% carrot root carrot seed carrot seed oil @ 4.49% carrot seed oil @ trace% carrot seed oil spain @ 0.16-1.66% carrot shoot cascarilla bark oil @ 0.35% cassia bark cassia bark oil china @ 1.02% cassia leaf oil china @ 1.02% cassinia laevis flower oil australia @ 0.50% cassinia laevis leaf oil australia @ 0.20% cassis bud oil @ 0.17-10.22% cayenne fruit cedarleaf oil canada @ trace-0.09% celery leaf oil celery leaf oil @ 0.10% celery root oil celery seed celery seed oil celery seed oil CO2 extract india @ 0.19% celery seed oil egypt @ 1.29% celery seed oil india @ 1.16% celery stem oil chamomile garden chamomile plant champaca concrete @ 0.01% champaca concrete @ 2.39% chenopodium ambrosioides oil @ 0.3% cinnamomum fragrans baillon leaf oil madagascar @ 1.20% cinnamomum fragrans baillon leaf oil madagascar @ 9.70% cinnamon bark oil (cinnamomum zeylanicum blume) sri lauka @ 0.02-0.03% cinnamon bark oil ceylon @ 1.02% cinnamon ceylon cinnamon bark cinnamon ceylon cinnamon leaf cinnamon ceylon cinnamon leaf oil cinnamon ceylon cinnamon root bark cinnamon ceylon cinnamon stem bark cinnamon fruit oil india @ 0.1-0.6% cinnamon leaf oil ceylon @ 0.16% cinnamon oil CO2 extract @ 0.03-0.11% citronella oil ceylon @ 0.06% citronella oil java @ 0.01% clary sage oil france @ 0.10-0.30% clary sage oil greece @ 0.10% clary sage oil sardinia @ 0.40% clary sage oil spain @ 0.41% clove bud oil @ 0.03% clove fruit clove leaf oil @ 0.03% clove stem oil india @ 0.06% coriander fruit coriander oil coriander seed oil coriander seed oil @ 0.30% coriander seed oil CO2 extract @ 1.10% coriander seed oil cuba @ 0.21% corn silk oil cornmint leaf cornmint plant costmary oil @ 0.03% crithmum maritimum l. oil turkey @ 0.20% croton cajucara benth. leaf oil brazil @ 0.10% croton flavens l. (welensali) leaf oil curacao @ 0.70% cumin cumin seed cumin seed oil cumin seed oil egypt @ 14.64% cumin seed oil turkey @ 19.9% curcuma amada roxb. rhizome oil india @ 0.60% currant black currant fruit curry fruit oil india @ 7.10% curry leaf oil india @ 1.50% cypress cone oil egypt @ 1.4% cypress oil @ 1.10-1.37% dill leaf dill leaf oil dill oil dill shoot oil dill weed oil reunion @ trace% echinophora cinerea oil iran @ 0.50% elemi oil @ 1.00% eriocephalus punctulatus oil @ 2.00% eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn. leaf oil jerusalem @ 0.60% eucalyptus citriodora oil @ 0.36% eucalyptus dalrympleana maiden leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.40% eucalyptus deaneti maiden leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.50% eucalyptus delegatensis r. baker leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.50% eucalyptus globulus bud oil @ 0.30% eucalyptus globulus fruit oil @ 0.10% eucalyptus globulus maidenii f. muell oil @ 0.12% eucalyptus globulus oil @ 0.36% eucalyptus globulus oil burundia @ 0.50% eucalyptus globulus oil pakistan @ 0.40% eucalyptus globulus oil rwanda @ 0.19% eucalyptus globulus oil zambia @ 0.70% eucalyptus globulus pseudoglobulus oil @ 0.33% eucalyptus grandis w. hill ex maiden leaf oil ethiopia @ 30.50% eucalyptus nitens (deane et maiden) maiden leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.40% eucalyptus tereticornis smith leaf oil ethiopia @ 3.50% eucalyptus urophylla s.t. blake leaf oil ethiopia @ 9.10% eucalyptus viminalis labill. leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.50% featherfew leaf oil @ 0.27% fennel flower oil bitter lithuania @ 0.33% fennel oil fennel plant fennel seed fennel seed oil sweet @ trace% ferula cupularis flower oil @ 2.20% ferula cupularis leaf oil @ 13.87% feverfew leaf oil belgium @ trace% fig leaf oil fir needle oil canada @ 28.10-56.10% fir needle oil siberia @ 1.57% fleabane oil @ 0.80% frankincense oil somalia @ 0.40% galangal root oil @ 6.60% geranium stem oil india @ 0.09% ginger rhizome ginger rhizome oil ginger root oil brazil @ 0.40% ginger root oil china @ 0.14% ginger root oil CO2 extract australia @ 0.08% glycosmis pentaphylla (cor.) seed oil india @ 6.00% grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.02% grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.07% grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.07% grapefruit oil c.p. italy @ 0.02% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.14% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.15% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.16% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 1.57% grapefruit oil california @ 0.09% grapefruit oil CO2 extract @ 0.06% guava fruit guava leaf oil guava pericarp oil heracleum paphlagonicum czeczott fruit oil turkey @ <0.10% hinoki leaf oil @ 2.77% hinoki root oil @ 0.61% hinoki wood oil @ 0.21% ho leaf oil @ 0.05% horsemint shoot hypericum dogonbadanicum assadi oil iran @ 32.10% hyptis spicigera lam. oil mali @ 6.70-13.40% hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit. oil mali @ 3.70-6.00% hyssop leaf hyssop oil hyssop oil @ 0.2% hyssop oil CO2 extract @ 2.2% hyssop shoot juniper berry oil @ 2.50% juniper berry oil CO2 extract @ 0.80% juniper branch oil @ 1.20% juniper needle oil @ 1.10% kachur oil @ 2.40% kewda oil @ 0.05-0.07% labdanum leaf oil @ 0.50% laurel bark oil @ 4.3% laurel berry oil @ 3.4% laurel leaf oil @ 5.4% laurel leaf oil turkey @ 4.00% laurel stem oil @ 3.6% laurel wood oil @ 0.3% lavandin oil abrialis @ 0.87% lavandin oil china @ 0.67% lavandin oil grosso @ 0.44% lavandin water (lavandula hydrida) @ 0.10% lavandula officinalis flower oil @ 0.40% lavender oil @ 0.68% lavender oil CO2 extract france @ 0.21% lavender oil greece @ 0.25% lavender oil spike @ 2.00% lavender oil spike france @ 4.10% lavender oil spike spain @ 1.48% lavender spike water @ 0.32% lavender water bulgaria @ 0.25% layana oil kenya @ 0.16% layana oil wild zimbabwe @ 0.10-0.70% layana oil zimbabwe @ 0.4% lemon fruit oil lemon leaf oil lemon oil lemon oil california @ 11.13% lemon oil expressed italy @ 12.40% lemon pericarp lemon pericarp oil lemon petiole lemon verbena oil morocco @ 0.3% lemon verbena oil turkey @ 0.19% lemongrass oil egypt @ 0.10% levisticum officinale flower oil @ 0.31% levisticum officinale seed oil @ 0.35% lime fruit lime oil CO2 extract mexico @ 0.17% lime oil distilled mexico @ 1.34% lime oil distilled peru @ 0.77% lime oil expressed florida @ 13.0% litsea cubeba oil china @ 1.22% lovage flower oil @ 0.26% lovage leaf oil @ 0.37% lovage root lovage root oil @ 2.05% lovage seed oil @ 0.90% mace oil @ 1.20% mace oil CO2 extract @ 7.50% mandarin fruit mandarin oil @ 1.88% mandarin oil avana @ 1.36% mandarin oil avana @ 1.41% mandarin oil italy @ 1.68% mandarin oil italy @ 1.88% mandarin oil japan @ 0.30% mandarin oil uruguay @ 0.14% mango flower manuka var. eximium oil australia @ 0.70% manuka var. rotundifolium oil australia @ 1.90% manuka var. scoparium oil new zealand @ 0.12% marjoram oil marjoram oil @ 2.70% marjoram oil spain @ 2.60% marjoram oil sweet cuba @ 4.60% marjoram oil sweet cyprus @ 0.20-0.50% marjoram oil sweet iran @ 0.50% marjoram oil sweet morocco @ 0.33% marjoram oil sweet turkey @ 0.16-0.19% marjoram plant marjoram pot oil turkey @ 0.09-0.28% mastic fruit oil @ 0.09% mastic leaf oil @ 0.24% mastic oil @ 3.33% melissa oil @ 0.09% melissa oil slovak republic @ 0.14% mentha longifolia (l.) huds. oil jordan @ 0.10% michelia alba flower absolute @ 0.17% microstrobos fitzgeraldii leaf oil australia @ 0.50% microstrobos niphophilus leaf oil australia @ 0.90% mikan peel oil @ 0.16% mikania cordata (burm. f.) b.l. robinson var. cordata leaf oil france @ 5.20% mugwort plant myristica fragrans fruit oil @ 12.90% myrrhinium atropurpureum schott leaf oil brazil @ 0.90% myrtle oil @ 0.30% nepeta cephalotes boiss. oil iran @ 18.20% nepeta denudata benth. oil iran @ 4.60% nepeta racemosa lam. oil iran @ 1.10% neroli bigarde oil france @ 0.53% neroli oil CO2 extract @ 8.79% niaouli oil egypt @ 2.30% nutmeg extract CO2 west indian @ 5.50% nutmeg leaf oil nutmeg oil nutmeg oil hydrodistilled india @ 12.9% nutmeg oil india @ 21.50% nutmeg seed nutmeg seed oil ocimum gratissimum l. oil brazil @ 0.44% orange bigarade oil @ 0.50% orange fruit orange oil c.p. brazil @ trace% orange peel oil bitter brazil @ 1.17% orange peel oil bitter china @ 0.63% orange peel oil bitter italy @ 0.33% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.026% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.026% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.038% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.044% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.046% orangeflower absolute morocco @ 0.0-2.7% orangeflower water absolute @ 0.0-1.1% oregano oil oregano oil mexico @ 0.16% oregano plant oregano plant oregano shoot oregano shoot oil origanum oil greece @ 0.11% osmanthus absolute @ trace% palmarosa oil @ trace% parsley fruit oil parsley leaf parsley leaf oil @ 2.00% parsley leaf oil cuba @ 0.01% parsley leaf oil egypt @ 4.57% parsley seed parsley seed oil parsley seed oil @ 16.20% parsnip root patchouli oil china @ 0.26% pennyroyal oil @ 0.30% pennyroyal oil cuba @ 0.38% pennyroyal oil uruguay @ trace% pepper black pepper fruit pepper black pepper fruit oil pepper black pepper oil pepper black pepper seed oil pepper oil black india @ 15.70% pepper tree berry oil @ 0.17% pepper tree leaf oil @ 0.10% peppermint leaf peppermint oil america @ 1.65% peppermint oil CO2 extract @ 0.50% peppermint oil mongolia @ 0.04% peppermint oil russia @ 0.69% persea americana mill. fruit oil cuba @ 30.40% petitgrain bergamot oil @ 1.00% petitgrain bigarade oil @ 2.40% petitgrain combava oil @ 0.24% petitgrain grapefruit oil @ 3.10% petitgrain lemon oil @ 4.52% petitgrain lime oil @ 0.30% petitgrain mandarin oil @ 0.62% petitgrain oil @ 2.50% petitgrain sweet oil @ 1.76% peucedanum petiolare (dc) boiss oil iran @ 0.60% phlomis fruticosa l. flower oil greece @ 0.20% phoebe oil brazil @ 0.34% pimento berry oil @ trace% pimento berry oil CO2 extract jamaica @ trace% pine needle oil dwarf @ 1.20% pine needle oil scotch siberia @ 2.2-4.2% pinus laricio poiret branch oil italy @ 2.10% pinus laricio poiret cone oil italy @ 2.40% pinus laricio poiret leaf oil italy @ 2.10% pinus sylvestris l. needle oil estonia @ 2.10% pinus sylvestris l. needle oil yugoslavia @ 15.70% piper cernum vell. var. cernum yuncker leaf oil brazil @ 7.40% pittosporum spp. fruit oil malaysia @ 8.90% plectranthus glandulosus hook f. leaf oil cameroon @ 0.30% plum fruit pomelo prangos uechtritzii boiss. et hausskn. fruit oil turkey @ 3.20% protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march fruit oil brazil @ 8.60% protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march leaf oil brazil @ 0.70% protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march resin oil brazil @ 2.40% pteronia oil @ 32.50% ravintsara leaf oil @ 2.91%% rosemary leaf rosemary leaf oil rosemary oil rosemary oil china @ 3.66% rosemary oil CO2 extract @ 0.74% rosemary oil corsica @ 3.90% rosemary oil egypt @ 1.20% rosemary oil france @ 2.08-4.35% rosemary oil morocco @ 5.53-7.83% rosemary oil spain @ 0.3% rosemary oil turkey @ 0.44% rosemary plant rosemary sap rosemary shoot rosemary shoot oil saffron stigma sage leaf oil sage oil sage oil albania @ 2.30% sage oil cuba @ 0.96% sage oil dalmatian @ 0.90% sage oil dalmatian @ 1.58% sage oil dalmatian @ 2.30% sage oil england @ 0.40% sage oil france @ 1.00% sage oil germany @ 0.68% sage oil hydrodistillation france @ 2.20% sage oil lithuania @ 2.11% sage oil reunion @ 1.90% sage oil sardinia @ 1.60% sage oil spain @ 2.30% sage oil spain @ 3.1% sage oil spain @ 3.3-7.3% sage plant salvia atropatana bunge oil iran @ 0.10% salvia lavandulifolia vahl. leaf oil @ 0.10% salvia lavandulifolia vahl. leaf oil spain @ 6.80% salvia officinalis oil cuba @ 0.96% salvia officinalis oil reunion @ 0.72% salvia sclarea oil @ 0.90% satureja khuzistanica jamzad oil iran @ 0.40% satureja viminea l. oil costa rica @ 0.50% savin oil @ 0.80% savory oil summer @ 0.80-1.42% savory oil winter @ 0.90% savory oleoresin winter @ 0.90% savory summer savory plant savory winter savory oil savory winter savory plant sideritis syriaca l. oil bulgaria @ 3.00% snake root oil canada @ 0.90% spearmint leaf spearmint oil spearmint oil america @ 0.58-0.76% spikenard oil @ 0.10% stachys recta l. oil serbia @ 1.30% sugandha kokila berry oil @ 1.90% sunflower flower tagete flower oil rwanda @ trace% tamarind fruit oil tanacetum annum l. oil marocco @ 10.10% tangerine oil america @ 0.58% tansy flower oil canada @ 0.97% tansy flower oil dutch @ trace% tansy leaf oil dutch @ trace% tansy oil argentina @ trace% tansy oil canada @ 0.10% tansy oil marocco @ 3.10% tarragon leaf oil tarragon oil tarragon oil @ trace% taxodium distichum (l.) richard branch oil italy @ 0.80% taxodium distichum (l.) richard cone oil italy @ 1.30% taxodium distichum (l.) richard leaf oil italy @ 0.90% tejpat oil @ 0.40% thyme absolute @ trace% thyme oil thyme oil portuguese @ 0.1% thyme oil red CO2 extract @ 0.35% thyme oil red CO2 extract spain @ 0.5% thyme oil red spain @ 0.17-0.41% thyme oil spain @ 0.04% thyme oil spain @ 0.29% thyme oil wild or creeping finland @ 5.20% thyme oil wild or creeping pakistan @ 0.51% thyme plant thymus richardii pers. subsp. nitidus (guss.) jalas oil italy @ trace% tomato trachyspermum roxburghianum benth. ex. kurz. seed oil india @ 0.60% turmeric leaf turmeric oil china @ 0.27% turmeric rhizome turmeric rhizome oil turmeric root oil hydrodistilled @ 0.02% turmeric tuber valerian rhizome oil china @ 1.37% valerian root oil @ trace-0.9% valerian root oil china @ 3.50% valerian root oil CO2 extract china @ 0.59% vassoura oil @ 5.90% water mint leaf water mint shoot wormseed oil america @ 0.18% wormseed oil spain @ 0.06% wormwood flower oil annus america @ 1.20% wormwood leaf oil annus america @ 0.80-1.40% wormwood oil america @ 0.19% wormwood oil annus france @ 0.93-3.35% wormwood oil annus vietnam @ 0.44% wormwood oil cuba @ 0.69% wormwood oil italy @ 0.7% wormwood oil poland @ 0.39% yarrow leaf oil @ 1.10% yarrow oil @ 9.50% yarrow oil greece @ 0.30% yarrow oil hungary @ 20.80% ylang ylang oil @ 0.66% ylang ylang oil CO2 extract @ 0.07% yuzu leaf oil @ 0.86-1.56% yuzu peel oil c.p. @ 0.32-0.35% yuzu peel oil CO2 extract @ 0.28-0.37% zanthoxylum bracchyacanthum l. leaf oil australia @ 0.60% zanthoxylum ovalifolium l. leaf oil australia @ 1.20% zingiber officinale root oil china @ 1.05%

Organoleptic

Organoleptic Notes	1. Odor Type: herbal Odor Strength:high ,recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less Substantivity:4 hour(s) at 100.00 % dry woody resinous pine hay green eucalyptus camphoreous Odor Description:at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. dry woody resinous pine hay green eucalyptus camphoreousLuebke, William tgsc, (1985) Odor sample from: SCM Glidco Organics cooling woody pine terpenic fresh minty eucalyptus camphoreous spicy peppery nutmeg Odor Description:at 10.00 %. Cooling, woody, piney and turpentine-like with a fresh minty, eucalyptus and camphoraceous note with a spicy peppery and nutmeg nuanceMosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 6, 26, (2000)
Odor	herbal dry, woody, resinous, pine, hay, green, eucalyptus, camphoreous, cooling, terpenic, fresh, minty, spicy, peppery, nutmeg
Flavor	pine pine, terpenic, woody, resinous, minty, camphoreous, balsamic, spicy, fresh

AInsights BETA

FlavScents AInsights Entry for Beta-Pinene (CAS: 127-91-3)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

Common Name(s): Beta-Pinene
IUPAC Name: (1S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
CAS Number: 127-91-3
FEMA Number: 2902
Other Identifiers: FL No. 02.011
Molecular Formula: C10H16
Molecular Weight: 136.24 g/mol

Beta-pinene is a bicyclic monoterpene with a characteristic pinene structure, featuring a double bond that contributes to its reactivity and odor profile. The presence of the isopropyl group and the bicyclic framework are crucial for its distinctive pine-like aroma, which is widely recognized in both flavor and fragrance applications.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Beta-pinene is known for its fresh, woody, and pine-like odor, often described as resinous and slightly herbal. It is a prominent component in many essential oils, contributing to their characteristic scents. The intensity of beta-pinene's aroma is moderate, and it serves as an impact note in formulations, providing a crisp and invigorating top note. While specific taste and odor thresholds are not well-documented, beta-pinene is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent aroma.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Beta-pinene is naturally found in a variety of plants, particularly coniferous trees such as pines, firs, and spruces. It is a major constituent of turpentine and is also present in rosemary, dill, basil, and parsley. Beta-pinene is biosynthesized in plants via the mevalonate pathway, where it serves as a precursor to other terpenes and terpenoids. Its presence in essential oils makes it a candidate for "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" designations, depending on the extraction method and source.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Beta-pinene is used in flavor formulations to impart a fresh, pine-like note, enhancing the authenticity of herbal and spice flavors. It is commonly found in flavor categories such as mint, citrus, and spice blends. Typical use levels in food and beverages range from 0.1 to 20 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to overpowering or undesirable effects. Beta-pinene is relatively stable under normal processing conditions but may oxidize upon prolonged exposure to air and light.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In fragrance applications, beta-pinene is valued for its fresh, green, and woody notes, making it a versatile component in various fragrance families, including fougère, chypre, and woody compositions. It functions as a top note, providing an initial burst of freshness and realism. Typical concentrations in fragrance formulations range from trace amounts to 5%, depending on the desired intensity and product type. Its volatility contributes to its role as a top note, with moderate evaporation rates.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

United States: Beta-pinene is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by FEMA for flavor use.
European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL No. 02.011.
United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit with no significant divergence reported.
Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific limits varying by country.
Latin America: Recognized under MERCOSUR regulations, with harmonized assumptions across member states.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, beta-pinene is considered safe at typical flavor use levels, with no specific ADI established but generally recognized as safe under FEMA GRAS. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is subject to IFRA guidelines, which recommend concentration limits to prevent irritation and sensitization. Inhalation exposure is generally low risk at typical use levels, but occupational exposure should be managed to prevent respiratory irritation.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Beta-pinene is prized for its ability to impart a fresh, natural pine aroma, making it valuable in both flavor and fragrance formulations. It synergizes well with other terpenes and citrus notes, enhancing the overall freshness and complexity of the blend. Formulators should be cautious of its volatility and potential for oxidation, which can alter its sensory profile. Overuse can lead to overpowering pine notes, so careful balancing is essential.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on beta-pinene is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though specific numeric thresholds for sensory perception may vary. Known data gaps include precise taste and odor thresholds, which are often estimated based on industry experience.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

All required sections 1-9 are present
"Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
Flavor section includes ppm ranges
Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-07-08 10:33:33 GMT (p2)

Suppliers

De Monchy Aromatics

beta-Pinene EU Natural • 800291

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Axxence Corporation

NATURAL BETA-PINENE • 290300

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Penta Fine Ingredients

NATURAL BETA - PINENE • 16-53400

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