FlavScents AInsights Entry for Alpha-Damascone (CAS: 43052-87-5)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Alpha-Damascone
• IUPAC Name: (E)-1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one
• CAS Number: 43052-87-5
• FEMA Number: 3508
• Other Identifiers: FL No. 07.127
• Molecular Formula: C13H20O
• Molecular Weight: 192.30 g/mol

Alpha-damascone is a ketone with a cyclohexene ring and a conjugated double bond system, contributing to its potent odor profile. The presence of the trimethyl group enhances its olfactory impact, making it a valuable component in both flavor and fragrance formulations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Alpha-damascone is characterized by a powerful, fruity, and floral aroma with nuances of rose, apple, and plum. It is known for its high intensity and excellent diffusion properties. The compound serves as an impact note in formulations, providing a rich and complex scent profile that enhances the overall sensory experience. Odor thresholds are typically low, allowing for effective use in trace amounts.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Alpha-damascone is naturally found in various plant species, including roses and certain fruits. It can form through enzymatic degradation of carotenoids, a process that occurs during the ripening of fruits or the aging of flowers. Its presence in natural sources supports its designation as a "natural fragrance" or "natural flavor" component, depending on the context of use.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Alpha-damascone is utilized in flavor formulations for its ability to impart a fruity and floral character. It is commonly used in fruit flavors, such as apple and berry, as well as in floral blends. Typical use levels in finished food or beverage products range from 0.1 to 5 ppm, with variations depending on the desired intensity and product type. It is relatively stable under normal processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic environments.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, alpha-damascone is valued for its contribution to floral and fruity fragrance families. It acts as a modifier and impact note, enhancing the complexity and richness of perfumes. Typical concentration ranges in fragrance formulations are from 0.01% to 0.1%, depending on the desired effect. Alpha-damascone is considered a middle note due to its moderate volatility and lasting presence.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
• European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL number 07.127.
• United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
• Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific restrictions in some ASEAN countries.
• Latin America: Generally accepted, with specific regulations in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

Alpha-damascone is considered safe for use in flavors and fragrances at typical exposure levels. Oral exposure through flavor use is supported by FEMA GRAS status, with an acceptable daily intake (ADI) not explicitly defined but considered safe within industry norms. Dermal exposure in fragrances is generally well-tolerated, with low potential for irritation or sensitization. Inhalation exposure is minimal due to its moderate volatility, but occupational safety measures should be observed.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Alpha-damascone is prized for its ability to enhance both fruity and floral notes in formulations. It synergizes well with other floral compounds and can be used to add depth and complexity to a wide range of products. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to an overpowering scent. It is often under-utilized in formulations seeking a subtle yet impactful floral character.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on alpha-damascone is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though specific use levels may vary based on proprietary formulations. Some data gaps exist in regional regulatory specifics, but these are generally harmonized across major markets.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-04-10 08:10:52 GMT (p2)