FlavScents AInsights Entry for 2,4-Decadienal (CAS: 2363-88-4)
1. Identity & Chemical Information
- Common Name(s): 2,4-Decadienal
- IUPAC Name: (E,E)-deca-2,4-dienal
- CAS Number: 2363-88-4
- FEMA Number: 2364
- Other Identifiers: FL No. 05.062
- Molecular Formula: C10H16O
- Molecular Weight: 152.24 g/mol
2,4-Decadienal is an unsaturated aldehyde characterized by two conjugated double bonds. This structure contributes to its potent odor profile, which is significant in both flavor and fragrance applications. The presence of the aldehyde group is crucial for its reactivity and sensory impact, often associated with fatty, citrus, and green notes.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA
2. Sensory Profile
2,4-Decadienal is known for its strong, fatty, and citrus-like odor, often described as having a deep, rich, and slightly green aroma. It is a high-impact compound with a low odor threshold, making it effective even at low concentrations. Its sensory role is typically as an impact note, providing authenticity and depth to citrus and fatty flavor profiles.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature
3. Natural Occurrence & Formation
2,4-Decadienal naturally occurs in various foodstuffs, including citrus oils, cooked meats, and certain types of fish. It is often formed through the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, during cooking or processing. This compound is relevant for "natural flavor" designations when derived from natural sources through approved processes.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs
4. Use in Flavors
2,4-Decadienal is utilized in flavor formulations for its ability to impart rich, fatty, and citrus notes. It is commonly used in savory applications, such as meat and poultry flavors, as well as in citrus and tropical fruit profiles. Typical use levels in finished food products range from 0.1 to 5 ppm, depending on the desired intensity and application. It is relatively stable under heat but can be prone to oxidation, necessitating careful formulation and storage.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature
5. Use in Fragrances
In fragrance applications, 2,4-decadienal is valued for its ability to enhance citrus and green notes, often used in fine fragrances and household products. It serves as a modifier or impact note, contributing to the top and middle notes of a fragrance composition. Typical concentrations range from trace amounts to 0.5%, depending on the product type and desired effect.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts
6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)
- United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
- European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL No. 05.062.
- United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
- Asia: Approved in Japan and China, with specific use levels varying by country.
- Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, subject to local regulations.
Explicit approvals and harmonized assumptions are common, though specific use levels may vary by region.
Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications
7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations
For oral exposure, 2,4-decadienal is considered safe within the established GRAS limits, with an acceptable daily intake (ADI) not specifically defined but generally recognized as safe at typical use levels. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is monitored for potential irritation and sensitization, with IFRA providing guidelines to ensure safety. Inhalation exposure is generally low risk due to its low volatility, but occupational safety measures should be observed during handling.
Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature
8. Practical Insights for Formulators
2,4-Decadienal is prized for its ability to impart authentic fatty and citrus notes, making it a versatile component in both flavor and fragrance formulations. It synergizes well with other aldehydes and citrus compounds but can be overpowering if used excessively. Formulators should be cautious of its oxidation potential and consider antioxidants to maintain stability.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice
9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes
The data on 2,4-decadienal is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. While industry practices are generally documented, some regional regulatory nuances may require further verification. Known data gaps are minimal, primarily related to specific regional use levels.
Citation hooks: FlavScents
QA Check
- All required sections 1–9 are present
- "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
- Flavor section includes ppm ranges
- Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
- Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.
Generated 2026-04-07 13:15:23 GMT (p2)
